Prostitution Is a Problem Caused by Men Essay Example for Free

Prostitution Is a Problem Caused by Men EssayProstitution is a problem caused by men. There arnt all prostitutes for women. Its men who create the problem and men who make the laws.We urinate to admit that this is the reality. Although threr is a Gender equality law which was passed a long time past (since the 1920s), women still have to suffer unequal treatment in m either fields especially in creating the laws and prostitution is one of the most contraversial problems. We all tell apart human beings have a desire for sex, except for sick or impotent people and cloisterers as well as monks. That is a normal visible demand. Sex is also the manifestation of love but in this case, we are just discussing a basic instinct. Men always have a stronger motive for sex than women. That does not mean women do not, it is because of their shyness and social morality that keep them from expressing their desires. And men also keep the right to make the laws so that is the argue why p rostitutes are for men only.I totally disagree with legalizing prostitution. It draws a guilt free road for men, especially married men. Some men retaliate that prostitutes help them clear out the stress that they get from work and meet their demands completely when their wives can not. But in fact, everything they do is worse. If prostitutes are just for fulfilling sexual needs, it is okay, but in many cases, men are addicted to prostitutes and spend most of their time relaxing with them. They do not care about what their wives think, move on lots of money they earn to call-girls and treat their wives and children badly especially when their wives or children discover the bad things they do. And the two most dangerous consequences of prostitution are that men can bring sexually transmitted infections to their wives and many families might or have to cope with the breakdown when the wives can not stand their husbands behaviour any more. The other negative side of prostitution is the unequal field.There are just red light districts for men but not for women. Women and men have the same biological needs, so why do they not have their own playplace? Because of morality or the progeny of women in Congress and also the number of women holding a leadership position in a country is smaller than men? It is common even in the most developed landed estate The United States of America. In our history, only two queens have been able to control men and really spread equality all over their nations, they are Cleopatra of Egypt and Wu Zetian of China. I extremely admire them. If there were a person like them existing in this world, humanitys history could change in another(prenominal) way and I am really sure it would be magical.

Close Reading Essay Example for Free

Close Reading EssayThe answers to these questions emerge more from the doing than the talking. Briefly, close reading is a basic tool for understanding, pickings pleasure in, and communicating peerlesss interpretation of a literary work. The skills employed in close reading lend themselves to all kinds of cultural interpretation and investigation.Close reading takes nomenclature as its subject because language can operate in different ways to convey meaning. Reading sensitively allows one to remain open to the many an(prenominal) ways language works on the discernment and heart. When an assignment calls for close reading, its best to start by choosing a brief but promise passage and checking your assumptions active its content at the door. Close reading often reveals the fissures between what the speaker or narrator says and how she or he says it. You know from your admit experience that life engages constant, often unconscious sifting of these nuances.Here are some usefu l steps.1. Choose a short passage that allows you to investigate the details closely. Here, for example, is the first paragraph of Jane Austens Northanger Abbey, Chapter 2.In addition to what has already been said of Catherine Morlands personal and mental endowments, when about to be launched into all the difficulties and dangers of a sextuplet weeks residence in Bath, it may be stated, for the ratifiers more certain information, lest the following pages should otherwise fail of giving any idea of what her font is meant to be that her heart was affectionate, her disposition cheerful and open, without conceit or affectation of any kindher manners just re go from the awkwardness and shyness of a girl her person pleasing, and when in good looks, prettyand her mind about as ignorant and uninformed as the female mind at seventeen usually is.This single sentence will give us plenty to work with.2. Look at verbalism. What kinds of words does Austen use? Does she aim for lofty vocabul ary (used for special occasions) or common diction? Are the words long or short, Latinate or Anglo-Saxon, specialized (i.e. legalistic, medical, jargon, elite) or ordinary? Remember that the rules for diction are different at different times in history.3. Next, look at sentence structure. Can you map the sentence (find the subject and verb, locate phrases and clauses)? Is it a simple, compound, or complex sentence? How does the structure of the sentence relate to its content? Does the author useactive or passive verbs? What rhythms does the sentence structure effectlong flowing ones, short choppy onesand how do these relate to the meaning?4. After you stimulate looked at language (and there are other technical issues one might pay attention to), you can begin to analyze tone. Is the narrator being straightforward, factual, open? Or is she taking a less get off route toward her meaning? Does the voice carry any emotion? Or is it detached from its subject? Do you hear irony? Where ? If so, what complications does the irony produce?5. At this point, you may discover some difference between what the author appears to be doing (giving you a complete, unbiased picture of her feature) and what she also accomplishes (raising doubts about whether these qualities are worth having, whether her character is a heroine after all, whether women have minds at all, therefore whether this narrator can be trusted at all, etc.). You can now begin to talk about the ways Austens language, which seems to invite our confidence, is also complicating its message by raising these doubts.6. At this point, you can propose a generic hypothesis, something like, In this passage, Austen raises doubts about Catherine Morlands character through her use of deliberately banal diction, her strained sentence structure, and her ironic use of the terms of character description for heroines.7. You can proceed to close in the outlines of this point by explaining what you mean, using details and qu otations from the passage to support your point.8. You still, however, need an argument and will need to go back to your opening to alter the thesis. The question is Why? Or to what effect? Your thesis might build on what youve already written by suggesting Austen creates this irony early in the bracing to alert the reader to the ways shes subverting narrative conventions. Or The effect of this description of Catherine is to undermine any notion of her powers as a heroine and to introduce Austens theme that true character emerges from weakness rather than strength. Or Austens cavalier treatment of her heroine suggests that she has little respect for the typical education of young women.9. correct with these more developed statements, you will need to explain and support your point further. But you will have achieved some very important things, namely 1) you have chosen a specific piece of the text to work with, hence avoiding huge generalizations and abstractions that tend to tur n a reader off 2) you have moved from exposition (explaining whats thereand really, shouldnt a reader be able to figure these things out for him or herself?) to arguing a point, which will involve your reader in a more interactive and risky encounter 3) you have carved out your own reading of the text rather than taking the more well-worn path 4) you have identified something about Austens method that may well open up other areas of the text for knowledge and debate. Bravo10. With your more refined thesis in place, you can go back and make sure your supporting argument explains the questions youve raised, follows through on your argument, and comes to a provocative conclusion. By the end, you may be able to expand from your initial passage to a larger point, but use your organization to keep the reader focused all the way.The most exciting thing for a reader, and the most useful for an essayist, is that close reading generally offers surprises. Your project is not so more about te lling readers what they probably can see for themselves but what they might have missed that could delight them. Its helpful, then, to go into the paper with an open mind and be ready to adjust your thesis to the evidence you find in the text. Have a blast

Job sales

Job gross gross gross gross r yetueHome * job gross revenue-3* jobs in gross gross revenue-4* sale jobs-3* gross gross revenue job-8 gross revenue jobs-6As economy experiences an upsurge, there is an increased diversity in gross revenue jobs. gross revenue jobs atomic shape 18 no longer those instantly recogniz subject jobs in gross revenue with targets riding horse and bonuses. There atomic number 18 m either jobs which are an ever ontogeny element of gross revenue. Increasingly, no gross sales job is as well becoming sales centric. Jobs in sales definitely deal unmatchable to brush up their sales skills not only because of the corporate culture these days but also due to growing demand to prove oneself each day in the job. Now, the concept of jobs for life is diminishing and with that so is the concept of salary pensions. Jobs in sales gouge be tough but unremarkably are accompanied with huge rewards. Before one starts a job in sales, he wishs to be for ce rtain he understands the familiarity terms and conditions on the sales job in terms of targets and commissions.There are various symbols of sale jobs- Direct sales, Indirect sales, championship to business sales, servicing sales jobs and IT sales jobs. Direct sale jobs worry to directly moveing to private individuals. Products that are sold in this way are financial services (like credit elevator cards, mortalal banking products, etc), home appliances and improvements or travel packages. Direct Sale jobs usu eachy require dispenseing directly to homeowners. gross sales articulations and sales executives carry out direct sales job which crapper comprise jacket equipment sales or expert gross revenue. Indirect sales job refer to selling consumer easilys and services to corporates which in turn sell them to individuals or other oragnizations. In a Business to Business job, sales involves selling products or sevices to contrasting companies either directly approaching t hem or indirectly through other distributors. IT sales jobs arouse fit genuinely diverse in the last devil decades.They fall into collar main categories pre sales, sales and post sales support of hardware and software. Servicing sales jobs adjudge also become an integral procedure of IT sales jobs.In servicing job sales refers to selling services to customers or corporates. The services can be in area of transport, logistics or advertizement or apportionment consultancy. Services sales job are considered to be highly specialized as there is no physical products for customer to touch, find or acknowledge. Fundamentally in a job, sales invites different skills sets and personality types. In every type of sales job, a person subscribes to select constant interaction with clients either face to face or through phone. A sales man needs to have a pleasing personality, be an extrovert and should have excellent communication skills. He needs to constantly identify opportunities for blow selling or up selling and be lively for delivering presentations with confidence and articulation. A person armed with above mentioned personality traits and qualities is sure to succeed in any sales job. sales Representative Jobssales representative job -4sales representative jobs-5sales rep jobs-4sales executive jobs-5A sales representative job comprises of selling companies products or services to customers. Sales representative jobs can involve selling products or services like electronic equipment, home appliances, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or vehicles.Sales rep jobs involve selling to individuals, factories or companies. Technical sales representatives and sales engineers are rough of the sales executive jobs. Selling industrial, high tech gear and components comprises other types of sales representative jobs. plenty in sales rep jobs usually playact on targets and can earn huge salaries in orchestrate of commission if they manage to achieve their targets. S ales representative jobs involves working long hours usually. Sales rep jobs involves lot of driving to visit clients at their homes, sides or factories. They often demonstrate the product or conduct catalogues with the customer at the customer meeting nouss. In sales rep jobs, people are required to keep proves of the orders made, number of appointments or cash proceeding in a day with a handheld device or company put forwardd laptops. They act as consultants between customers and companies in their sales executive jobs. Sales representative jobs involves being cautious and honest about the products that are popular with the customers as companies need this information to improve on their current products or services. For a person to excel in sales executive jobs, he should be brimming with confidence, ambition, persuasion skills and have long knowledge on companies products and competitors. He should be able to take refutation easily and move on networking extensively. Ther e are no set qualifications besides having GCSE or equivalent qualified for a sales representative job. However, increasing number of candidates vying for sales executive jobs try to get higher qualifications by doing MBA specializing in sales or selling. Many companies bid adequate training on their companys products and services when an employee joins in a sales representative job. They also get an understanding on specific sales methods utilise in a sales representative job in their company. Fresh employees in sales representative jobs usually are expected to work on board aged(a) members of the team till they become familiar with companys products and area where they need to work. Sales executive jobs are for sale in all empyreans including working for manufacturing companies, sweeping distributors or in IT sector. Some sales representative jobs are freelance options. Progression possibilities for sales rep jobs include taking additional responsibilities in sales area and becoming sales private instructor, account private instructor or National Account Manager. Sales and Marketing jobssales market job-3sales marketing jobs-4sales and marketing jobs-6telesales jobs-4There are many types of sales and marketing jobs available these days. Due to recession there was a slight fall in the number of job opportunities in sales marketing jobs. But with recession receding, sales and marketing jobs have also experienced a high. Sales and Marketing jobs can be classified into two categories- client side and Agency side. Client side sales and marketing jobs involve working as a recrudesce of the marketing de divergement of a company. When people work in agency side sales and marketing jobs, they are basically working for a company specializing in Marketing. A person can look out for entry level positions in telesales jobs or Junior Account Executive. If you like talking on the phone, have the confidence to sell and possess the persistence to go on calling then telesales jobs are for you. Telesales jobs require one to be competitive to always meet targets and endure in aggressive environment. Telesales jobs involve do outbound calls to prospective customers, converting inbound calls into sales orders, exploiting opportunities from marketing campaigns and obtained data ideas as well as making general sales enquiries. Junior account executive in sales marketing job act as link between clients and the company and translate to it that all deliverables are met on the agreed timelines.When a person has gained relevant experience in the scope, he can look out for a senior sales marketing job as an Account Director, Account Manager, Marketing Manager, MarCom Manager or Brand Manager. Sales and Marketing jobs basically requires a person to have qualities like interpersonal skills, customer service, organizational and communications skills.Account Directors administer client relationships, delivers presentations to existing and prospective cli ents in their sales marketing jobs and also manage the account managers. Account Managers,in their sales marketing jobs, serve well Account Director in creating strategies for achieving organizational plans for the financial year. They continuously work towards achieving targets by upselling and cross selling companies products and services.Brand Managers, in their role, work towards creating strategies and marketing campaigns that can directly be applied to a product or service. They work in colligation with sales Managers and production teams to spend a penny the scoop strategies for increase in product sales. MarCom Managers look after the marketing strategies and promotions, organize marketing events and conferences and supervise all marketing related communication in their sales marketing jobs. A Marketing Manager in his sales marketing job, is entrusted with directing and managing all actions in the marketing department. Sales and Marketing jobs are a good tuitioner optio n as they are diverse and each one entails a different function, soul set and attributes to excel in it.IT sales jobsit sales jobs-4software sales jobs-3sales support jobs-5technical sales jobs-3Sales is an integral part of any business, especially IT. At the business level, IT sales jobs mean selling hardware and software systems. IT Sales jobs require personnel to continuously search for prospective clients who powerfulness benefit from the companys software products and services. People in IT sales jobs need to have in depth understanding of all applications and services and markets, proactively understand client requirements and create demand for their companys products. They need to have proven track record of consistently achieving high results in previous IT sales jobs. software sales jobs require sales force to develop in advance(p) methodology for selling. This is because Information Technology is an ever booming and ever growing sector. IT firms need to provide superio rs applications and services in a highly competent environment. The development of these applications involves huge costs in researching and development. Unless these applications are sold at the best possible price, they have no value. This is achieved through employing best sales people in the labor in software sales jobs. Technical sales jobs entails combining technical know -how with sales skills. Based on the requirement of technical sales jobs, the work involves extensive technical knowledge to sell products and services and respond effectively to client queries. Clients usually are the technical staff of IT organizations.Technical sales jobs requires people to liase with clients and companys technical staff on an ongoing basis so as to meet the client requirements and deliverables. People in Software sales jobs need to explain and also give presentations on highly complex concepts and procedures. Once a sale has been made, there is usually a requirement to provide after sale s services to clients which are called sales support jobs.Sales support jobs require people to have sound technical knowledge on the application or service, troubleshooting skills and problem solving skills. Sales support jobs are usually customer facing hence excellent communication skills are the base for these jobs. Entry level sales support jobs usually require college graduates with little or no experience. However, a good way to progress in sales support jobs is by get a higher degree in computer science accompanied with an MBA in marketing. Professionals with wholesome visual designs, technical expertness and a knack for numbers usually excel in IT sales jobs. Medical and pharmaceutical sales jobsmedical device sales jobs-4medical sales jobs-5pharmaceutical sales jobs-3pharmaceutical sales rep jobs-4The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most stable and fast growing industry in the foundation straight off. Studies have indicated that pharmaceutical industry has grown b y 300 percent in the last ten years itself with which you can imagine pharmaceutical sales jobs have also quadrupled. Pharmaceutical sales rep jobs involves selling highly technical advanced products to teams of physicians and medical professionals. Therefore, medical sales jobs are regarded as very prestigious. Medical sales jobs are often referred as slump proof and offers good salary potential, flexibility, benefits and growth. Medical sales jobs can be devided into 2 categories- capital sales and non capital sales or consumable sales. Each category has it own set of unique sales requirements and processes. Pharmaceutical sales jobs involving Capital sales refer to selling information systems, hardware, billing, diagnostic and laboratory equipment. Medical sales jobs requiring consumable sales consist of selling consumable products like pharmaceuticals, laboratory reagents, and medicines.Employers usually seek those with a college degree and some previous sales experience for pha rmaceutical sales rep jobs. People with no sales background can still break into pharmaceutical sales rep jobs if they come geared with clinical or health care background. Other most sought after qualities in pharmaceutical sales rep jobs are strong drive to achieve the set targets, willingness to learn, good communication skills, listening skills and presentation skills. But most of all an aptitude for science is required. If you do not enjoy science or reading about reinvigorated scientific breakthroughs then you cannot think of succeeding in a pharmaceutical sales jobs. Pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer and Merck offer loads of opportunities to college graduates to work in pharmaceutical sales jobs.Medical device sales jobs are one of the types of pharmaceutical sales jobs.Medical device sales jobs involve demonstrating products ranging from sophisticated surgical devices like hip or knee replacement surgical devices to key muss surgical kits. Medical device sales jobs also involve selling varied products like non clinical hospital equipment, aids for the disabled, implants and high tech equipment utilize in imaging and radiotherapy. A proven track record in pharmaceutical industry and thorough knowledge in ever changing competitive marketplace is needed to make a mark in medical device sales jobs. The internationalistic market for medical devices continues to grow at an unprecedented rate wherein competition is getting tense by the day. As a result there is an upsurge of medical sales jobs with people to benefit from the terrible opportunities available in pharmaceuticals. Inside and outside sales jobsoutside sales jobs-5inside sales jobs-5international sales jobs-7sales trainer jobs-5Sales today present varied roles apart from the traditional sales jobs.There are various types of sales opportunities- sales trainer jobs, inside sales jobs, outside sales jobs and even international sales jobs. Depending upon your experience and personal characteris tics, you can decide which type of sales job you are suited to. Sales trainer jobs are offered to those who have had a successful sales career in the past and have mentoring capabilities to train new people in sales.These days sales trainer jobs are on a rise as companies are realizing that by training their sales force on company policies, products and methodologies, sales figures increase by big numbers. Sales trainer jobs involve training the employees on the companys offerings as a result they are able to sell them stop. Also there is a bump retention of sales staff if they are given training. Sales training was frowned upon by top sales managers earlier as the popular belief was that sales people are born with instinctive ability to convince and sell. However, with changing times it is felt that uncertain sales people can be churned into overconfident people with appropriate training. And already chiseled sales people can turn into greater sales men after sales training exe rcises. Sales trainer jobs involve training sales force on an ongoing basis as that makes sales people looking more supported in their company. Inside sales jobs requires sales executives to work while staying in office. Inside sales jobs requires one to sell products and services over the phone. Handling questions, complaints and pitching for new business over the phone are all part of inside sales jobs. Inside sales jobs do not involve much of travel, require less paperwork and lesser hours than outside sales jobs. Outside sales jobs are usually offered to those who have more sales experience, have proven track record of achieving results and require less management intervention. People in outside sales jobs need to fix appointments with prospective clients, make presentations and pitch for the companys products and services constantly. Outside sales jobs are more challenging, time consuming and offer more job satisfaction than inside sales jobs. This is because of the sheer exci tement sales executive feel before any face to face meeting. Also the customer tends to connect well with them and possibility of closing a deal sooner increases in pillow slip of outside sales jobs.While it is still easy to land an inside or outside sales job, international sales jobs are hard to get. They dont just happen. You need to plan a career if you wish to persue international sales jobs.You can target to get recruited by a global conglomerate in international sales jobs.These companies require you to travel abroad frequently to meet up with prospective clients and close deals. Usually international sales jobs are offered to people with extensive sales experience. An early entry into International sales jobs can be made if you have a degree from foreign university or have some international work experience. The three most sought after skills for international sales jobs are social skills, cognitive skills and personal qualities. Problem solving, decision making, adaptabili ty, innovative and good product knowledge are general and personal skills which are a base but the social skills like ability to work and sell to highly diverse group of people make you the apt candidate for international sales jobs.Entry level and field sales jobsentry level sales jobs-4field sales jobs-3healthcare sales jobs-6fmcg jobs-6Entry level sales jobs are available these days in all employment arenas whether it is Banking industry, healthcare , fmcg, IT or call centres. Usually entry level sales jobs are field sales jobs. Entry level sales jobs involves representation of the companies at trading organizations, events and demonstrations. Sales personnel usually travel a lot to meet prospective customers in field sales jobs. Entry level sales jobs require high school degree or at the maximum graduation degree. Field sales jobs require people to be active, enthusiastic and have good product knowledge of products and markets. Freshers have an exciting opportunity to take adva ntage of a rewarding career and growth in fmcg jobs. FMCG refers to Fast moving Consumer goods sector which is fourth largest sector in Indian economy. Fmcg jobs for freshers include direct selling jobs, business to business sales jobs or business to customer sales jobs. In fmcg jobs, employees start directly selling through company outlets, internet, tele sales, departmental monetary funds and hyper markets. Professionals in fmcg jobs are trained by the organizations per the business requirement and profile assigned to the employee. They need to be competent, outgoing and should be able to work well under pressure. Fmcg jobs usually require professionals to be armed with higher degree in form of MBA or advanced diploma in marketing. People can search for fmcg jobs in consumer goods sector, electronics or pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals or Health care sales jobs have outgrown any other sector. Health care sale jobs involves sale of any product that helps in the process of laborato rian, radiologist, physician, respiraotory therapist or any other professional who provide service to patients. Medical sales, Medical device sales, pharmaceutical sales, clinical laboratory sales, Biotech laboratory sales, laboratory equipment sales and pathology sales are some of the types of Health care sales jobs available. There are field sales also available in health care sales jobs.Field service engineers, Field technical support, research laboratory sales and Imaging sales are other types of healthcare sales jobs. A person with proven experience in medical field armed with a graduation or post graduation degree in health science can be ideal for healthcare sales jobs. If people try to get into healthcare sales jobs as freshers, they tend to build extensive work experience in this sector and are able to experience unprecedented growth.Hot sales Jobshotel sales jobs-4industrial sales jobs-3 social organization sales jobs-4sales associate jobs-4With economy showing upward tre nd, sales as a career option is experiencing a high. Hot sales jobs are available in hotel industry, industrial sales or construction industry. No industry today is as fast moving as hotel industry. With the rise in the hotels industry there is rise in hotel sales jobs as well. Hotel sales jobs involve selling blocks of rooms or bookings for special events like new years or accommodation packages or dining and banquet services .The type of salary in hotel sales jobs largely depends on the type of employer you work for and the number of years of experience. You can start a career in hotel sales job by becoming a hotel sales executive or sales associate or hotel sales manager and go on to become Corporate sales manager or Sales director as you progress in your career.Construction industry has experienced boom in the juvenile past and construction companies have become one stop shop for clients which include building design, pre construction and property management. This has led to ri se in construction sales jobs. Construction sales jobs consist of External sales, Marketing and project management. Construction sales jobs also include being the key point of wrap up for manufacturers, distributors and merchants for building products. You can start a career in field sales by taking up construction sales jobs as empyrean sales manager or Sales executive or Sales associate for selling products in insulation, bathroom fittings, lighting or curtain walling. If you have relevant experience in construction then you can take up senior roles like Marketing or National Sales manager or National account Manager or export manager.Industrial sales job is another hot sales job sector. Sales associates work for Industrial sectors like adhesives, air compressors, building services, coatings, drilling machinery, industrial manufacturing consumables, lubricants, oils, polymers, test and calibration equipement or welding equipment when they opt for working in Industrial sales jobs .Industrial sales jobs requires sales associates to be comfortable in industrial setting and sell to engineers and professionals with mechanical aptitude.Media, sell and advertising sales jobsadvertising sales jobs-4media sales jobs-5retail sales jobs-5sales coordinator jobs-3It could not be a better time to be in sales. With economic recession almost over, every industry seems to be looking for competent professionals to bring in the business. There seems to be a welcome rise in advertising sales jobs, media sales jobs and retail sales jobs. You can find Advertising sales jobs including sales coordinator jobs, sales executive and telesales executive jobs when you are trying to break into the advertising industry. Advertising sales jobs basically involve selling magazine or online advertising space to existing and prospective clients. As you progress in your career, you can think of getting Account manager or Account Director roles in Advertising sales jobs. In Account Management c apacity you basically plan the brief, manage the advertising and brand campaigns and manage relationship with clients, suppliers and internal teams.Media sales jobs involve selling across many platforms like print, online, email campaigns and subscriptions. Media sales jobs also involve researching and contacting exhibitions and conference clients with an imaginative approach to impel sales and maintain good client relationships for future sales. Sales coordinator jobs are available as entry point into Media sales jobs. From there on, there are ample opportunities in media sales jobs to grow as an International Media sales manager, global media manager or strategic Marketing and Media Manager.At the same time retail sales jobs are also on a rise. There are many professionals who work cigarette the scenes to keep employers, suppliers, customers and investors happy. It is easy to get sales coordinator jobs in retail sector as a fresh graduate. Retail sales jobs are devided in three m ain categories- store upkeep, product handling and administration. Retail Buyers review products in the market and sign off that might be bought for their store. Retail Merchandisers review available products, price them and decide the best of displaying them in the store for maximizing sales.Retail sales jobs also include being retail sales clerk, retail cashier, retail store managers and retail loss prevention managers. Once you have crossed the middle management in retail sales jobs, you can go to become part of Retail Corporate Management and manage the entire look and feel of the store or mall. As you can see, there are ample opportunities in advertising, media or retail sales so what are you waiting for? Go on and start applying and build a fabulous career.Auto, car and indemnification sales jobsauto sales jobs-6car sales jobs-4insurance sales jobs-5sales assistant jobs-4With economy coming out of the recession slowly and steadily, auto sales jobs are on the rise. Auto sales jobs are offered at car dealerships. Car dealerships basically serve as a link between car manufacturers and customers. There are two types of car dealerships- franchised car dealerships which showcase new vehicles manufactured by a popular brand and independent used car dealerships which are smaller in size and sell used vehicles including cars. Auto sales jobs or car sales jobs requires professionals with good communication skills, customer servicing, strong drive and ability to work under pressure. Auto sales jobs require people to work long hours. People in car sales jobs usually work weekends as most of the sale is expected on weekends when customers get time from their busy schedules. Bureau of labor statistics projects that there will be eleven percent increase in auto sales jobs by 2016.More and more dealers are providing lucrative salaries in car sales jobs by devising better compensation methods and better commissions. Types of Car sales jobs are Car sales representatives , Used car sales executives, Car sales administrator, Car sales manager and Car sales controller. You can start of a career in auto sales jobs by taking sales assistant jobs. People in sales assistant jobs are required to provide efficient, prompt and courteous service to all customers. Sales assistant jobs also require people to assist with client mailings and processing paperwork, performing office tasks like taking messages, copying, faxing and telecalling customers to schedule appointments. If you have good communication skills, organizational skills and proficient in MS office applications, then progression is easier to senior roles in auto sales jobs or even into insurance sales jobs. Insurance sales jobs require people to sell insurance in life, health, property and long term care to customers. Professionals in insurance sales jobs offer advice to customers on how to reduce risks and tell apart the best insurance policy. Professionals in insurance sales jobs advise on best f inancial planning options and retirement plans. Therefore people in insurance sales jobs are involved in continuously cross selling insurance policies and complete account management. Increased competition in Insurance sector has made companies choose people in insurance sales jobs very diligently. Professionals work as insurance agents or brokers either by being directly employed with companies or on independent basis. College graduates can start working in insurance sales assistant jobs and slowly climb the ladder up. Income potential is huge in insurance sector therefore chance to work in insurance sector should not be missed. Sales manager jobssales management jobs-4sales manager job-4sales manager jobs-4sales marketing business development jobs-3Sales management jobs require sales professionals to manage, organize, lead and motiv

Car Sharing Scheme To Encourage Sustainable Transportation Tourism Essay

Car Sharing Scheme To Encourage Sustainable removeation Tourism EssayWe have an enlarge of population size and hatful impart have distinguishable admits to have successful healthy and happy lives. For example, a family staying with their aged p bents may figure a railway rail rail elevator auto as a necessity to ferry his aged pargonnts to their medical appointment. Due to growing need, without a automobile to ply the mobility they need, galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) are force to travel in a little(prenominal) desirable manner. Hence, we could see that the majority of rule of transportation employmentd by most of citizenry in capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore is simple machine.Car however has light-emitting diode to a series of problems including standard pressure pollution, congestion and growing verdancyho workout gas emission beca substance abuse a running cars locomotive engine produces large do of c arbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere any day. According to Katzev (2003), automobiles are as well a major source of carbon dioxide, the so-c apieceed green-house gas, which many claim is the principle source of global warming. As such(prenominal), we need to start as a group of community thinking about much sustainable form of transport in Singapore. One potential alternative to removing cars on the thoroughfare is done car-sharing system. This research will focuses on the opportunities to present to Singapore through this car sharing scheme in our transportations. This is the more sustainable option in the long-run.In 2012, there were more than 520,000 private cars registered in Singapore. The ram fomite population in Singapore which take on private and company cars, rental cars, taxis, buses, movecycles, goods and other fomites were doctor upd by 1.45% from 951,307 in 2011 to 965,192 in 2012 (Singapore Police Force, 2013). Such a large bout of private ca rs reduce the force of the transport arrangement by taking up road space that is needed by open transport and commercial vehicles. The government had tried a series of government notes to reduce car overpopulation and occupation congestion by heavily taxing the corrupt and use of cars as well as with recently announced that COE sets increase to reach more than S$95,000. However, this had the unintended effect of pricing out people who are in need of a car as does non table the problem of overpopulation. This is because as the population grows, the yields of cars on Singapore growth will continue to grow.The need of Singapore transportation become more sustainableIn Singapore, despite there are a lot cars on the road, we need to decrease cars on the road to make the transport more sustainable, one potential ways by doing this is through car-sharing scheme. Singapore is a small island urban center-state solid ground whereby we backnot afford to ignore the effects that tran sport that has on health and the environment. The environment is our priority and Singapore needs to keep the environment as pristine as manageable.Our economy depends on an efficient transport system to delivery smoothly a flow of goods and personnel to where they are needed. Our peculiar(a) supply of land withal means that we have to allocate resources to transport system very carefully. Hence, its important to adopt a greener form of transport.Nevertheless, we chthonicstand that no matter how efficient Singapore familiar transport system are, smoke never fully meet every mobility need. Despite of an excellent MRT system and efficient taxi system, alternatives are needful to allow for Singaporean to make different choices about going approximately on the island. Car-sharing scheme is such a choice for such opportunities to remove cars on the road while still allowing people to get around as they need to.Car-sharing scheme, a new approach to sustainable transportation in Si ngaporeCar-sharing is a pay-as-you-drive transportation expediency introduced in many modern cities to build a sustainable urban transportation strategy and environment- companionate urban community. This amazing green business idea works because people save money, and lose the hassles of ownership, yet still able to access to a car when they need one. The car-sharing growth in Singapore is mainly boosted by the rise of COE price. Higher COE prices are capricious people to look for cheaper and more flexible options and therefore would able to push people towards using public transport, or opt for car-sharing.Car-sharing allows individual to gain the clears of using a private car without the costs of responsibility of owning a car. The benefits of car-sharing arouse include more careful consideration of the necessity, epoch, and distance of automobile trips, resulting in decreased vehicle use and ownership, and reduced common landing demand and transaction congestion. Beside s, car-sharing will be greater consideration given to alternative mode, resulting in increase of MRT passengers. Car-sharing also provide cost saving to individual and employers, postal code savings and air property benefits as well as reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Despite to its many potential benefits, car-sharing may gain in popularity in Singapore as demonstrated by increasing trade union American membership.Through car-sharing scheme, we are able to reduce cars on the road which led to less congestion, less pollution, less dependence on oil, and cleaner, fresher air to breath.Car-sharing Operators in SingaporeThere are about 300 car-sharing vehicles located in over 100 localisations in Singapore. push down Transport Authority (LTA) is working closely with HDB and car-sharing operators to provide more locations across the island to make it more convenient for users to access a car-sharing service in the near future. In Singapore, currently have a few car-sharing se rvice providers Car Club, Whizzcar and Kah dowry. Clean Mobility Singapore, an environmental start-up company that provides electric cars for hire launched in Buona Vista-Ayer rajah champaign and have designated parking lots in Pixel Building, Biopolis, Fusionpolis, Insead Campus and Block 71 Ayer Rajah Crescent. Clean Mobility is part of the Energy Market Authority and Land Transport Authoritys three-year, electric-vehicle trial costing $20 million (The Straits Times, 2011). The Straits Times (2013) had reported that more than 150 people have plugged into a year-old electric car-sharing sharing scheme operated under the brand name Smove. Meantime, Kah Share, Whizz Car and Car Club have reported an increase of between 15 per cent and 35 per cent each in membership numbers (The Straits Times, 2011).Government InterventionLike many other cities, Singapore faces the quarrel of managing traffic congestion. With a fixed quantity of road space, each additional vehicle adds to the dema nd of road space and increases congestions for every other vehicle and pollutes the environment. Singapore is a land of scarcity, the country does not have the luxury to allow everyone to own a car and that car ownership cannot be put under the same category as basic necessity such as housing (Channelnewsasia, 2013). As part of effort to reduce carbon emission from car, the Singapore government implemented the Vehicle Quota System (VQS) which allows the government to control the amount of cars on the road.Vehicle quota system The VQS is controlled by the Certificate of Entitlement. The purpose is to limiting the number of newly purchase vehicles and aims for sustainable growth in vehicle population. The buyer has to bid to purchase a COE which is valid for 10 years before the vehicle can be use on road. The government had decided to reduce the allowable vehicle growth rate from 3 per cent per annum which was the rate since vehicle quota system introduced in 1990, to 1.5 per cent pe r annum in 2009, and further reduced it to one percent per annum in 2012 and 0.5 per cent per annum in February 2013. The COE premiums for small cars (up to 1,600cc) breached the $90,000 mark, finishing the years outset bidding session at $92,100 on January 2013. This is up 12.4 per cent from last months bidding where prices ended at $81,889. Prices for big cars in Cat B (above 1,600 cc) also reached a new blue, ending at $96,210. The previous record-breaking price was $94,502 in August 2012 (icarsclub, 2013).Figure .1 COE Open Bidding Result (Source sgcarmart.com, 2013)Taxes and fees on vehicles all(prenominal) car in Singapore is taxed by an import (Customs) duty, registration fee, an additional registration fee, and road tax which make owning a car in Singapore very expensive. The import duty is 31% of the import value of the car, on eliminate of that, a Registration Fee is charged for private cars and on top of that, an Additional Registration Fee (ARF) is charged. The (ARF ) is 100% of the Open Market Value (OMV) of the vehicle.Public parking charges have been raised and also additional surcharges were levied to discourage car use. Others cost such as insurance, Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), petrol and maintenance cost which are extremely costly for an average earning individual and thence it helps to control car population. Hence, implementation of government regulations with soaring premiums for COEs, taxes and fees or charges, it had directly boosted the use of car-sharing for the people who need to travel around the island. For a successful car sharing scheme in Singapore, Singapore government has to play its part in addressing the problems of climate change and looking at ways and measures to reduce our emission. search QuestionOur research will focus on the primary and secondary question in view of the solution to road congestion, pollution and other environmental and resource consequences of automobile dependence through car-sharing.1.2.1 Pri mary Research QuestionOur research question is what are the benefits and opportunities for using car-sharing scheme to make Singapore transports system become more sustainable.1.2.2 Secondary Research QuestionsThe scopes that this research is focusing onWhat is car-sharing scheme and how does Car-sharing worksWhat are the benefits of car-sharing schemeWho benefits from car-sharing schemeWhich countries have already stupefy car-sharing schemeThe Scope of the ResearchThe study will focuses on the benefits of car sharing scheme in our transportation option for many people in meeting the transportation needs in an economically and environmentally responsible manner in Singapore.Research MethodThe research method we will be using is both qualitative and quantitative research approach. The quantitative method will be based on the research question analyses based on the current situation and analyses through literature review. The qualitative method shall be gathering information through sets of questionnaire on a focus group of employees, employers and retirees at a few point of location in Singapore.Research ObjectiveThe main objective of the research is to understand the problems of increasing car population which led to a serious problem of air pollution, congestion and growing of glasshouse gas emission and to identify the opportunities and benefits of car-sharing scheme as an alternative transportation mode towards sustainable form of transport in Singapore.LimitationThis research will be discussing the benefits of car-sharing scheme using normal car and except within Singapore based on the knowledge and understanding gather from collected information sources and data. There will be limitation to forecast whether of the impact and growth car-sharing scheme by using electric car. It may impractical at this moment although electric car have the potential to reduce our carbon emission significantly if adopted on a large scale and government play its part promo ting green vehicle by provide a range of incentives or rebates. However, the technology is still in the early stages of development. Beside, in order for electric car to have a positive impact on reducing emission, the energy grid empowering these cars need be from a sustainable source like solar or wind. Due to the cost of buying a hybrid vehicle is overmuch higher than of a normal car, users, limited range of electric vehicle as well as the charging time. The information and data will be obtained from published news and journals except the information from questionnaires.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWDefinition and ex deviseation of car-sharing schemeCar sharing is a revolution in personal transportation urban mobility for the 21st century. Carsharing is designed to replace car ownership for people who do not need to drive to work every day, and to significantly reduce road congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. It is a service that provides 24/7 self-serve access to a network of cars stationed around the city (and increasingly, cities world-wide), which can be reserved by the hour or day via smart phones, Internet and call centres (Carsharing, 2013).Automobile, despite its numerous benefits, is largely responsible for many of the environmental and social problems in the world today (Katzev, 2003), which Singapore is one of such countries. The dependence on automobile has contributed traffic congestion and pollution to the air of Singapore. Therefore, in order to reduce traffic congestion and reduce the environmental impact contributed by automobile in Singapore, numerous efforts have been made by the government to reduce vehicle population growth rate by increasing the Car of Entitlement (COE) prices for cars or reducing the quota for COE.Car-sharing is first introduced in Singapore by NTUC Income in 1997 since the rise of COE prices and over the years, the interest in car-sharing has risen as car-sharing is the ticket for drivers who cannot afford or do n ot want to own a car (The Strait Times, 2012).Differ from car-pooling, car-sharing is a process whereby people share or rent a car without having to bear the responsibilities of car ownership and costs. Whereas in car-pooling, it is a group of individuals taking the same car together to get to a common destination at the same time. In car-sharing scheme, the car-sharing companies pay all of the costs of vehicle maintenance, service, and repairs. This includes insurance coverage, parking, and the cost of fuel (Katzev, 2003). Also differ from conventional car rentals, car-sharing companies operate by placing cars near to members home or baron when the needs to use the cars arise. (Martin Shaheen 2011). The pay-as-you-drive or pay-per-use transportation service which provided by the car sharing companies offer drivers another alternative and freedom of using the car. Drivers get to make out the benefits of a car without having to own one for a short period of time based on their tr avelling needs, such as hourly or daily basis. The drivers are also allowed to choose the types of cars according to their needs.This scheme is introduced in many modern cities to build a sustainable and environment-friendly urban community (Land Transport Authority, 2013). A research done in the northeastern America shows that one shared vehicle can take 6 to 33 privately possess vehicles off the road. This is made possible by reducing the number of private vehicle required to complete non-work trips (Green Business Times, 2013). Hence, car-sharing reduced congestion on the road as it reduces car ownership and people dependency on privately owned vehicles. Car-sharing also has environmental impact to the environment. According to the article stated in Green Business Times (2013), vehicle miles traveled by members dropped by 67%, yet they were able to maintain mobility and convenience of transportation while get access to a wider variety of cars. The drop in vehicle miles travele d will have a huge environmental impact that results in a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from 39% to 64%.Since its inception, car-sharing has grown rapidly and it has become more common worldwide, specially in Europe and North America (Shaheen, Sperling Wagner 1999). Car-sharing membership hasincreased by 360% worldwide between 2006 and 2010 (Carsharing, 2013) and as of January 2011, North American car-sharing companies served almost 604,000 members with about 10,000 vehicles. (Martin Shaheen 2011).2.1.1 How car-sharing works in SingaporeIt commonly takes less than 5 minutes from reserving to collecting a car-sharing vehicle and the whole process is automated and it is self-service just like having a own car. To use the car, the user can follow the steps listed belowJoin as a memberUser who wishes to car-share must first join as a member at any of the car-sharing company. After which, members will receive a personal anchorfob/ smart government note. The keyfob/ smartcard is use to unlock an electronic box where the car keys are kept. devising reservation for the carWhen there is a need to use the car, member can make reservation via smart phones, Internet and call centres. The reservation can be made within a few minute notice or few days in advance. The booking will be distinguish into a computer and transmitted to the electronic box.Collecting the carThe cars are normally parked near to users home or office in designated car park spaces. The electronic box is located in the members estate and the member can unlock the box when the member slots in their keyfob/ smart card. His booking particular(a) will be copied onto the keyfob/ smart card and he can then collect the key.Driving the carDuring reservation period, member will just use the car just like his own.Returning the carWhen member has finished using the car, he needs to return the car back to the same location where he has collected the car. He also needs to place the key back to the elect ronic box.The trip usage is automatically recorded and the member can view their usage record online.PaymentThe invoice is then generated and payment will be made through GIRO or credit card monthly to the car-sharing service companies.If a member does not return the car on time, he will have to pay a penalty, which will be used to compensate the next member who had booked the car but was inconvenienced due to late return from the former member (Carsharing, 2013).Benefits of car-sharingDue to recent high COE, it is getting more and more difficult for one to own a car in Singapore nowadays. Some of the major social benefits of car-sharing are such as lower emissions, ease traffic congestion, convenience and cost savings for individuals and businesses, better utilization of land and energy resources and reduce the demand for car park spaces.2.2.1 Less pollution to the environmentMotor vehicle usage is a major source of air and noise pollution in the world today. It has contributed 70% of the carbon monoxide, 45% of the nitrogen oxides, and 33% of hydrocarbon emissions in the world (Katzev, 2003). The combustion process of fuel in repulse engines emit vitamin C Monoxide (CO) will not only pollute the air quality, it also harm the human body through respiration (Sing Health 2013).Motor vehicles are also a major source of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which many claim is the principal source of global warming (Katzev, 2003). Besides carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide, methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also released from the combustion process of fuel in motor engines. These gases caused global warming to the Earth which the temperature will increase and trap the radiated heat from escaping out (Nutramed, 2011).In the United State, low emission motor vehicles contribute to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. AutoShare and U Car Share offer additional greenhouse gases reductions through partnerships with carbon-offset companies. Many customers report an increase in environmental awareness after joining a carsharing organization (Shaheen, North American car-sharing, 2008).Noise pollution is also an issue to the environment. With more motor vehicles on the road, the noises created from the engine revolutions can be a nuisance to the environment. Especially during traffic congestion, the noise level can be high and it may disrupt the concentration of ones mind.With fewer vehicles on the road through car sharing, the level to Carbon Monoxide (CO) will eventually be reduced, thus causing lesser carbon monoxide emitted to the environment.2.2.2 Less traffic congestionshttp//driving-in-singapore.spf.gov.sg/services/driving_in_singapore/images/information/traffic_statistics/fatality.jpgFigure .1 Fatal and Injury shot Rate Per 10,000 Vehicle Population (Source Singapore Police Force, 2013)Car-sharing helps to tame traffic because it reduces solo driving (Wang, 2011). According to the graph, Singapore has an increasing figure in vehicle population by 1.45% from 951,307 in 2011 to 965,192 in 2012 (Singapore Police Force, 2013). This is a great number for Singapore as our country is limited in land area and the increasing vehicle population creates more traffic congestions.Traffic congestion is an increasingly serious problem in many cities. For example United States, traffic tie-ups, especially during blush hours timing, are estimated to cost the United States 1.2 jillion hours of lost time and 2.2 billion gallons of gasoline each year, to say nothing of the estimated $30 billion annual loss in productivity alone (Katzev, 2013).Due to the increasing numbers of motor vehicles on the road, the danger faced by the road users, especially motorcyclists are still an issue. Despite last years drop in the fatal and injury accidents, there are still a significant number of deaths on our roads. The increase in the number of traffic violations remains a concern as every traffic violation can potentially result in a fatal or injury accident and the loss of lives (Singapore Police Force, 2013).As an alternative measure of reducing the amount of vehicle population, car sharing can provide road users with a choice. Some of Singapore car sharing companies such as CarClub provides to their customers a wide variety of motor vehicles to choose from to provide for different kind of occasions (CarClub, 2013).Because the drivers of the car sharing scheme are charged accordingly to the amount of mileage logged, therefore drivers would plan their trip carefully in order to make unnecessary drive trips.The implementation of car sharing can also reduce the amount of motor vehicles on the road if 5 people sharing a car to the common destination rather than driving on personal motor vehicles.2.2.3 reduction the cost of traveling to destinationTraveling to a destination by private vehicles can be costly. With Singapore implemented ERP (Electronic Road Pricing), It will be expensive to travel to CBD area during peak hours by personal vehicles. In addition, the cost of parking in business towers in CBD area can be costly too.The cost of owning a private car can be a burden in Singapore. As the price of Certificate of Entitlement (COE) is hiking, a measure by the Singapore Government in order to maintain or reduce the amount of motor vehicles on the road, which can be costly. According to report, a price of a Cherry QQ in Singapore with COE can match up for a Porsche Boxster Black Edition in the US (AsiaOne, 2012) this shows how the soaring COE price has turned the ownership of motor vehicle as a huge expenditure.Car sharing is different from rent a car from car rental, car sharing gives individuals access to a car for brief trips, in some cases as short as a half hour, charging only for the time and duration of each trip. In contrast, car rental companies charge the full daily rate, regardless of the duration or distance of travel. In addition, custom ers that rent a car must pay for the petrol cost required to fill the vehicles tank at the time it is returned, while the car-sharing companies pays all the costs of fuel, as well as insurance, vehicle maintenance, service, and repairs (Katzev, 2003).As car sharing scheme in Singapore, drivers can save amount money on the cost of owning a private motor vehicles including maintenance fees, annual road taxes and motor vehicle insurance payable. Car sharing not only offers to non-car owners the driving experience it has also offers a much cheaper alternative to travel to their destination that in private motor vehicles.Car sharing has also provided Singapore a much cheaper alternative to travel than by taxi. Traveling by mode of taxi can be expensive. The rates and surcharges can add up to a high cost.Surcharges such as peak hour charges, midnight charges and location charges are included in different timing and location.Some of car sharing companies in Singapore such as CarClub provid es to their customers with different price plans. CarClub comes with value plan and standard plan to cater to every customers needs. Value plan is cater for more for regular drivers whereas standard plan is cater more occasional drivers (CarClub, 2013). With different available price plans, drivers can choose the most appropriate plans to suit their driving frequency and save money. University students and low-income households also benefit from the flexibility and mobility that carsharing offers (Shaheen, North American car-sharing, 2008).With the recently tightening measure by the Singapore government, it has become more difficult for low and middle income group to purchase a private motor vehicle as buyers have to foot a down payment of 40 per cent or more for a new vehicle and have a maximum of five years to service their car loans (ChannelNewsAsia, 2013). Therefore, car sharing can be a more afford to the market for low and middle income groups.2.2.4 Better connectionCar sharin g has provided users a better connection between different modes of transports, making it easier for the public to connect major transport nodes and therefore reducing the need to drive to their destination.Car sharing can provide better access to place where has limited access. For example, HDB residential area where the distance to the nearest public transport node is far away, it may be difficult for elderly or disabled people to travel.Motor vehicles in the car-sharing fleet are usually located close to the users residence, whereas those belonging to the rental companies are parked in central areas or major transportation hubs. Finally, those who want to rent a vehicle are required to complete time-consuming paperwork before they can drive the vehicle, whereas car sharers need only phone or go online to reserve a vehicle prior to using it (Katzev, 2003)In Singapore, CarClub has offered their customers with over 60 HDB car parks around Singapore to pick up the vehicles and availa ble on 24/7 which provides ease and convenience (CarClub, 2013).Who benefits from car-sharing?The ultimate purpose of car-sharing are reducing the number of cars, increasing the efficiency of transport infrastructure and also changing behavior through alterations in mobility patterns. This has actually benefits to environment, social and government.2.3.1 Environment2.3.1.1 Creation a Potential for Better flavour of Life and Urban FormCar-sharing has proved its potential to reduce the negative impacts of social and environment. Monitoring of air quality takes place at stations around Singapore, and plays an important role in keeping the population up to date on haze conditions (National Environment Agency, 2013). Air emissions from the industries and motor vehicles are the two key sources of air pollution domestically (National Environment Agency, 2013). Each car-sharing vehicle can replace 4 privately owned vehicles (CarClub, 2013). Thus, car-sharing reduces the numbers of cars on the road fewer cars equal fewer emissions of greenhouse gases. This means less pollution decrease congestion on the road as well as reducing the amount of space used for parking and helps to regain space for environmental and other social uses.2.3.1.2 Reduction of CO Burden of TransportCar-sharing is a pay-as-you-drive transportation service introduced to build a sustainable and environmentally-friendly urban community. This service provides an incentive for people to use car less and instead use public transport, a rack or walk. People have a greater variety of transport options available to them as when deciding the beat out way to reach their destination. Commuting by public transportation reduces your carbon emissions by 20 lbs per day, 4,800 lbs per year, which is more than if you weatherized your home, converted to fluorescent bulbs and replaced an old refrigerator, combined (PromotingPublic Transport, 2013).2.3.1.3 Reduction of Energy ConsumptionAn environmentally friendly car-sharing operator provides a wide range of vehicles to choose. They can choose different types of vehicles to fit their needs. Example, a small city car is usually most energy-efficient and less pollution an estate cars are likely to be necessary for family trips and a van may require for group travel. Users choose the vehicle type that best meets their needs for a particular trip. This benefits consumers, and may provide external benefits by reducing the use of oversized vehicles when smaller vehicles are adequate (Litman, 1999).2.3.2 SocietyCar-sharing helps make communities more alive, attractive, safe, and less dependent on the private automobile, and contribute to a range of transportation, housing, economic development and social justice goals (City Car Share, 2013).2.3.2.1 Save silver and Go GreenCar-sharing is an ideal for people who only need a car occasionally and or when the need arises. By car-sharing scheme, people still can access to a private car without having re sponsibilities of ownership such as obtain a Certificate of Entitlement (COE), car insurance premium, car maintenance and repair costs, monthly installment, season car parking charges and road tax. In Singapore, 87% of members in NTUCs car-sharing co-op average only 2,000km in distance driven each year, which is much less than average mileage of the average private car owner (Singapore Environmental Vision, 2013). Car sharing saves you money, its greener, more affordable, and less stressful than driving and paying for a car you dont even need anymore (Cereplast, 2013).2.3.2.2 Provide MobilityCar-sharing provides access to a vehicle for low-income households and others without a car, helping them to fully participate in the regions opportunities (CityCarShare, 2013). Low-income households may not be able to afford the expenses as a car ownership, thus public transport maybe their only option. Car-sharing can provide access for job interviews, serve as an emergency ride home, and meet the demand for occasional shopping and leisure trips (CityCarShare, 2013). With car-sharing scheme, they are now financially possible to join, in turn improving mobility by providing access to a vehicle.2.3.2.3 Improves Commuting OptionsCar-sharing offers a commuter option that may work better than other methods of transportation. With a car-sharing option, a public commuter is empowered to decide the best way to reach his or her destination, i.e. by bus, MRT, taxi or to drive a car (CSAS, 2013). Currently, there are about 300 car-sharing vehicles located in over 100 locations in Singapore (Land Transport Authority, 2013). It is very convenient for users to access a car-sharing. Also, car-sharing provides the flexibility and convenience of a car when driving is a better choice compared to the buses, MRT or taxis.2.3.3 GovernmentTransport issues affect the average Singaporean in a very intimate manner.

Health Promotion Essay: Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention

Health onward motion turn up scrape pubic louse Awareness and PreventionHealth Promotion Essay about Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention. Include group members were Lawrence Essilfie, Olufunmilayo Dawodu,Carla Gillard, Neil Brannigan, Niamh Greaney and Fiona Opoku throughshared ideas, experiences and debates.This essay shall discuss a wellness promotion forum on awareness and taproom of Skin crabmeat which was carried out by student nurses, named above. The four main areas the essay will c all over are assessment of health needs, approach used, and valuation of the health forum and finally conclude with a summary of the health forum. World Health is an of the essence(predicate) issue in todays society. A good definition of health is A state of complete physical, mental, and social well- macrocosm and not merely the absence of illness (World Health Organization, 1946).Skin crab louse is defined as malignant cell that forms in the tissues of the sputter outer layer. Gene rally, most forms of shin crabby person characteristic increase in a pattern. It begins with a single cell, by mysterious reasons the cell begins to reproduce extremely quickly. This uncontrollable growth leads eventually to drive outcerous cells which sp learning through the body, repair larger areas. It occurs in both men and women (Hounsome et al, 2009).Assessment health needs is a systematic method for reviewing the health issue facing the population leading to agreed priorities and resources apportionment that will improve health inequalities (NICE, 2005). There is an enormous detrimental of scrape cancer in the United Kingdom (UK) and cosmopolitan therefore the need to train the man is important.Epidemiological and demographic statisticsSkin cancer has been established as adept of the common cancer in UK, men and women are likely to accomplish believe peel off cancer but have not been kn hold to be the most common cancer in women. Cancer Research UK, (2011) suppo rted that, in 2011 13,300 batch in the UK were diagnosed with discase cancer. 71% of those diagnosed with skin cancer were men, 61% of those were women and that is, 37 people globally been diagnosed every day (Worldwide Cancer, 2012).Cancer Research UK, (2011) states that one in every nine people in the UK will develop skin cancer at some point in their life much than 300,000 cases will be diagnosed by the year 2020. It has become the most common cancer in the UK and is a leading cause of death for men vulcanised 34 to 54 (Macmillan, 2009).According to Cancer Research UK, (2011), the strongest risk factor for skin cancer after smoking and alcohol is ultraviolet light, tanning beds, genetic science and board. The older the person, the high is the risk of developing skin cancer. NICE, (2010) supported that, skin cancer is strongly related to age with 81% of cases occurring in both wake up age 50years and over and n advance(prenominal) 48% of cases of skin cancer are diagnosed i n the 50- 69 age group. The World Health Organization WHO (2011) supports, skin cancer to be in the group top ten cause of death in high income countries. Despite the high incidence rates in westbound countries, 89% of people diagnosed with skin cancer are due to early detection and treatment states (Parkin et al, 2010).The Australia and New Zealand have one of the highest incidence rates worldwide including North America and USA, UK making these countries a priority for skin cancer awareness and prevention. In 2010 skin cancer resulted in an estimated 11,790 deaths in undeveloped countries and 184,000 deaths in developed countries accounting for 12 and 16 percent, respectively of all cancer deaths in men and women states Sherris, (2002).Between 2006-2008 skins cancer began to rise at the young age of 25 years, following the statistics and research completed by researchers. The tar set group will be from 18-40 years of age. The rational for choosing this target group was giving re ading to young adults can give early discovery which can result in treatment, which increases chances of preventing, and also considering the opportunity for youngster to fully understating the risk of skin cancer (Davies Macdowall, 2006).FactorsThere are public health aspects to most cancers. Prevention is vital, including maintain a healthy lifestyle. There are many social factors that can affect skin cancer as stated above. Little exposures to ultraviolet light and the right timing can reduce the chances of skin cancer including awareness of the sickness (American Cancer Society, 2010).Studies found that, non-melanoma incidence is rising in younger people, especially among those aged 25-39 (Bath-Hextall et al. 2007). The rates of most serious skin cancer are higher with men, as well as the deaths rate (Cancer Research UK, 2014). cancerous melanoma incidence has also risen in last 20 years in England from a rate of 6.7 per 100,000 people in 1985-87 to around 17.3 per 100,000 pe ople in 2004-14 (Hounsome et al. 2009). bunk for National Statistics, (2009) supported skin cancer is a public health issue, by placing the number of skin cancer deaths in the UK, is increasing each year. WHO, (2011) prompting the government to increase the awareness of skin cancer, like promoting UK national skin screening program, to create the awareness (Macmillan, 2009).Health Education Authority. (1998). Skin cancer prevention policy guidelines for local authorities is to provide shade structures in public places to be utilised by general members most especially, children and young adult. Emphases were being given to the need to provide shade in areas often used. DOH (2006) Skin cancer awareness policy supported that, outdoor workers should be conscious of when and time to work, the feel and look of their skin and through contractors will obtain breeding in the suitable use of protective clothing and sunscreens to prevent against skin cancer.NICE (2011) skin cancer counselli ng is to ensure the published skin cancer measures are both comprehensive and clear to the public. It promotes self aware, also supporting being skin aware and regular skin checking together offer the topper chances of finding skin cancer early. WHO, (2011) be skin aware, supported also the leaflets encourages public to become more aware of their bodies generally and to get to know their own skin. In addition, CIEH, (2005) Also stating some risk reduction might be achieved with prevention, these strategies cannot eliminate the majority of skin cancer that develop in low and halfway income countries where skin cancer is diagnosed in very late stages. Therefore early detection helps in order to improve skin cancer outcome and rarityurance remains the cornerstone of skin cancer control.Bradshaws needsThe type of needs chosen for raising skin cancer awareness and prevention is prescriptive need. Normative need is a need that is identified by health professionals based on the availabl e sources and then judge on how the needs can be find. One disadvantages of normative need is that it is not an objective fact it reflects on the judgement of the health professional which may be different from the patients. (Naidoo Willis, 2009).An educational approach was used because the aim of the forum was to equip individuals with the fellowship about being skin awareness so they can be able to make a well informed decision regarding their lives (Miller, 2013). The approach is intended to have an outcome for the targeted group because they will have an understanding of skin cancer and how early detection can changes lifes (Scriven, 2010).Advantage of the approach is the publics right of free choice as long as the health promoter identifies the educational content to the individual (Ewles Simnet, 2003), the promoters in this case had identified that, giving preventive measure is advantageous. The disadvantage of the approach is in spite of the individuals being educated an d given schooling does not necessarily mean they will change (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Methods used to educate was leaflets, showing through poster how affected skin looks, pocket edition size cards with information, sample sun cream also discussions once educated the visitors had the right to make an informed choice (Miller, 2013).Aims and objectives are important to be specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic time oriented (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The groups aim was to raise awareness and prevention of skin cancer to the public aged between 18-40 years. The groups objectives were that, at the end of 4-5 minutes visitors will be able to list two ways to prevent them from getting skin cancer, can name two sign, symptoms and the main causes of skin cancer, they would be able to list any two things they learnt from visiting our stand and also be able to state where they can access further information on skin cancer (Scriven, 2010).The evaluation process that had been used is impac t, process, outcome and income which are in line with (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Process is described as the activity that shows diminutive account of the intervention being planned and carried out (Tonnes Tilford, 2001).To achieve aims and objectives the group set up rules, each member was given a task to do which will help in achieving aims and objectives, resources that were gathered are posters, sun scream with SFP 15 and leaflets for the health forum. Achieving this, effective communication and understanding of what was expected from every member of the group (Scriven, 2010).Process EvaluationProposed successful working in partnership with colleagues help develop each others strengths (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The theme of the forum was BE SUN SMART that represents skin cancer awareness and prevention. There were writing in orange and bold stating Skin Cancer Awareness And Prevention, which was eye genetic as a member of the group printed an image both genders why half of their fa ces were affected and a moles at the back representing how to sport and prevent skin cancer developing (Miller, 2013).A hat, sunglasses and T-shirt were use visually to help our visitors think how to prevent their bodies from getting skin cancer whenever they are going away under the sun, be sun smart were used as a rhymed to remember our visitors, Leaflets were distributed among the people visiting the stand and different literature resources were displayed for visitors to read and also take away with them for approaching purposes Bunton MacDonald, 2002) This proved effective as visitors did not know how to identify normal moles from the cancerous moles (Tones Tilford, 2001).After showing of how skin changes when its affect by cancer cell and how to prevent those, questionnaires were distributed to the visitors in order to measure and assess whether objectives were achieved (Naidoo Wills, 2009). Questionnaires were given to each visitor who visited our stand. The questionnaire was helpful as it allows the visitors time to think about their responses with intrusion and can be distributed to vast numbers of people at the same time (Louise Parker, 2007). Freebies like a wallet size card with the help line and a website to get more information was given out, SPF 15 sun cream and a bottle of pee was given out to every visitor who filled out a questionnaire.Impact evaluation is relevant to health promotion because it measures the impact of the activity (Scriven, 2010). be the health forum was encouraging as different age groups attended. Lecturers of the group evaluated the groups boilersuit presentation gave positive feedback on the presentation and overall work and we also got a very positive feedback from participant as we made her aware to visit her GP about a mole she been having over three weeks.The immediate impact was measured using the questionnaire that was distributed during the forum. All twenty five questionnaires were completed and 68% of the p ublic that attended the forum could state the promoters objectives (Miller, 2013). However, 32% of the public were not sure, out of the twenty five questionnaires, twenty five were completed by the targeted group 100%. Out of the twenty five questionnaires, xviii of them feel more confident knowing how to avoid and prevent their skin of any skin cancer and also being well aware of where to get information, therefore the promoters achieved their aims and objectives as figures were significant (Scriven, 2010).Outcome evaluation looks at long term of the health promotion activity, to see whether the objectives had been achieved or not (Tones Tilford, 2001). It is impossible to meet up with the participants who took part in the forum to gain feedback as the promoters did not obtain the contact details. Overall the presentation was excellent. The stand was very attractive.Improvement for the succeeding(a) would be to obtain participants contacts and enable the promoters to reach out o f them where and when necessary. Also to spend a little bit more time with the participants as different people learn differently to achieve 100% of promoters aims and objectives.The health promoters role is to help people improve and gaining increase control over their health. By acting as a facilitator for assessing, evaluating and understanding health which involves working with all age groups, from a wide range of audiences (Green Tonnes, 2010). Educating the public, they will have to keep their knowledge up to date about issues arising or that needs improving, (Bennet, Perry Lawerence,2009).In conclusion the aim and objectives where achieved by raising awareness and prevention of skin cancer which is beneficial regardless of age by using an educational approach. Knowledge was gained during the campaign which was positive and will help the health promoters plan and implement any future activities.Word count 2200Reference ListsBennet, C., Perry, J. Lawrence, Z. (2009). Promotin g Health in Primary care Role of the health promoter. Nursing Standard, 23(47), 48-56.Bunton, R and MacDonald, G. (2002). Health Promotion Disciples, diversity anddevelopments. (2nd Ed). capital of the United Kingdom RoutledgeCancer research UK, (2010). Skin cancer incidence statistics, RetrievedFebruary, 03, 2014, from http//www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerinfo/cancerstats/types/skin/incide ce/Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (May 2005). Raising awarenessof the risk of skin CancerDavies, M. Macdowall, W. (2006) Health Promotion Theory London Open University PressDepartment of Health, Social Services and habitual Safety (2011). Sunbeds Act (Northern Ireland). Belfast DHSSPSNI 2012.Ewes, L. and Simnett, I. (2003).Promoting Healty A practical Guide. (5thEd). Edinburg Bailliere Tindall.Health Education Authority. (1998). Skin Cancer Prevention Policy Guidelines For Local Authorities. London, Health Education AuthorityHounsome L, Poirier V, Dancox M, Ives A, Harris S, Verne J. (2009). Analysis of the Increase in Incidence of Malignant Melanoma, and Correlations with External Factors. South West Public Health Group.Louise, M. Parker, E. (2007). Health promotion principles practice in the Australian context. Australia LigareMacmillan, (2009) Prevention of skin cancer. Retrieved February, 03, 2014, fromwww.macmillan.org.ukMiller, C.A. 2013 Fast Facts for Health Promotion in Nursing Promoting Wellness in a Nutshell Retrieved March, 10, 2014, from http//herts.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1188979echo=1userid=her. 248710072e1d717tstamp=1387537341id=726352cfcfdf896d9a166c9754080 b1ea49f571extsrc=ath-usrNaidoo, J. Wills. J. (2009). Foundations for health promotion. Edinburgh Bailliere Tindall Elsevier.National Cancer Intelligence Network (2012) Understanding cancer oncology culture for NHS and Public Health non-clinical staff.National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2010). Clinical guideline 104. Diagnosis and management of metastatic m alignant disease of unknown primary origin. London NICE 2010.National Institute of clinical Excellence. (2005). Health needs assessments a practical guide. Retrieved March, 10, 2014, from http//www.nice.org.ukNICE public health guidance 32 (2011). Skin cancer prevention information,resources and environmental changesOffice for National Statistics (2012) Cancer Survival Rates Cancer Survival in England Patients Diagnosed, 20062010 and Followed up to 2011.Office for National Statistics (2013) Cancer Statistics Registrations, England (Series MB1), No. 42, 2011 .Office for National Statistics (2013). General Lifestyle Survey overview A report on the 2010 general lifestyle survey. (PDF 131MB) 2013.Parkin D.M., Mesher D., Sasieni, P. (2010). Cancers attributable to solar (ultraviolet) radiation exposure in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011105 Suppl 2S66-9.Pender, N., Murdaugh, C. and Parsons, M. (2006.).Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. (6th Ed.).Pearson Education London.Scherpereel A, Astoul P, Baas P, et al. Guidelines of the European Respiratory Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eur Respir J 201035(3)479-95.Scriven, A. (2010).Promoting Health a practical guide.(6th Ed.).London Bailliere Tindall.South West Public Health Group (2010) Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Estimates of cases, November 2010.Tones, K. Tilford, S. (2001). Health Education Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity. Cheltenham Nelson Thomas.World Health Organization. (1946). Definition of Health. Retrieved February, 12, 2014, from http//www.who.int/about/definition/en/pring.html.World health Organization. Retrieved February, 9, 2011, fromwww.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.htmlLawrence (12234201) Module Code 5NMH1018 1 Page

Oscar Wilde :: essays research papers

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Leonardo Da Vinci :: Visual Arts Paintings Art

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